Wierd problem with Media Uploading

Hey!

So I’m pretty new in the world of WordPress, although I’m quite a fast learner and I’ve got some relevant experience since before.

I did just set up my WordPress on my own dedicated webserver. I use IIS 8.5 to host it and it works great. Except for one thing!

I simply can not upload media correctly. Neither does it create any “new” file for the one I uploaded. When I try to use the “upload new file” in the library everything works great, I’m able to browse to the file that I want to upload and select it. After that it loads, giving NO error at all. When it’s done, there’s a stupid placeholder as a thumbnail and if I try to edit the file it doesn’t show up at all.
The wierd thing is that the URL to the file is basically http://mydomain.com/wordpress/FILENAME/

It is not being uploaded to the “wp-content/uploads”-folder as I expected it to be. Also when I tried to mess around with different upload-paths I realised that WordPress cannot save uploaded files within the root folder. It can save perfectly outside, let’s say directly on the C-drive.
Though when this happens, I can’t see the image but everything else works. All the editing-tools work and so on, but there is no image.
If I try to save the file into the root folder, I get the error that I described first.

To clarify this:
– YES, all plugins are deactivated, this is a fresh install, so it shouldn’t interfere anyways.
– YES, I have tried to reinstall WordPress.
– YES, I have full access to the root folder and there is no “read-only” protection on it and the subfolders.
– YES, I do realise that my wordpress install is in a subfolder within the root, this is because I have another page as startpage for the domain.

Does anyone have any thoughts?