By default they don’t support <!--, but those two plugin should do it:
http://coffee2code.com/wp-plugins/dynamic-text-replace/
http://coffee2code.com/wp-plugins/text-replace/
And by the way: With that crap of search engine on wp.org it is no wonder, I could not find anything to meet with my approval…
To update my post (editing is not possible somehow):
It seems that those Tags are named “quicktags” as they are mostly created with the quicktag.js script. But I’m nut shure about that. However – I already modified this file to fit my needs, but this is not, what I want to ask for!
As well I don’t need a plugin like AddQuicktag which only helps me adding custom quicktags to the wysiwyg editor.
I need some kind of script which allows me to create a new function that can be adressed via <!-quicktag-->. How and where does this work?