After contacting our host again, they have fixed the issue on their end and we successfully reconnected Jetpack. Thank you for your help.
Thanks for your suggestions. Tried 1 and 2, which did not fix the issue. Reached out to our host and they changed some permissions (so it was apparently on their end). But I tried to connect again after that and it’s still not working. We’ve reached out again. So it’s definitely not solved but I’m also not sure what else can be done.