Caching and dynamic data (random images)

I have a site with a number of pages that display a random image from the media library. My original idea was that this would change on reload.

Now, if the pages are cached as static HTML, I would think this wouldn’t be possible. However, it seems that when someone comments on a post, this updates the page. This leads me to believe that caching is more sophisticated than I understand.

Is there any way I can keep my random image functionality, and still use caching in some capacity?

https://ww.wp.xz.cn/plugins/wp-super-cache/