I just tried this, and yes it does. If you set an image as the Featured Image, this plugin will include the image in the <header> section. This is copy pasted from the feed this plugin generated for me when I had a featured image set:
<header>
<!-- The cover -->
<figure>
<img src="http://localhost/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/my-featured image.jpg" />
</figure>
...
</header>
This looks to be exactly what is required as per the official documentation from Facebook.
My instant articles don’t have Header Art. I thought the plugin would use the post’s featured image but that is not happening. Is it because I am using external featured images?
Thanks!
AMP and Instant Articles currently treat featured images slightly differently.
AMP checks if your featured image is being displayed in the post content, and if so it hides the featured image. (repo)
Facebook gives you a warning that the image is both featured and if it is at the top of your post but does not produce an error.
This is important to me as I use both FIA and AMP.