Images Overlapping

I’m glad you found a solution! I have an alternative (or additional) option which you may want to explore as well. There is a filter you can use to change the image style that the plugin applies. I copied your HTML into a local install and tested the feed, and this worked for me. It isn’t ideal, because it’s not a very smart decision process (I’m thinking I should implement a better filter here, actually), but if your images always meet this specific criteria, it may be an option:

add_filter( 'send_images_rss_other_image_style', 'prefix_modify_supplies', 10, 6 );
/**
 * Maybe modify RSS feed images.
 * @param $style
 * @param $width
 * @param $maxwidth
 * @param $halfwidth
 * @param $alignright
 * @param $alignleft
 *
 * @return string
 */
function prefix_modify_supplies( $style, $width, $maxwidth, $halfwidth, $alignright, $alignleft ) {
	if ( $alignright || $alignleft ) {
		return $style;
	}
	// This will modify the image styles only on images which are exactly 200px wide.
	if ( 200 === $width ) {
		$style = 'display:block;max-width:110px;margin:auto;';
	}

	return $style;
}

Basically it checks first to see if the image has the standard WordPress alignright or alignleft image classes added. If so, it doesn’t do anything. (Your images in the supply list don’t have any classes, and I expect would not ever have these two.) Then, it checks the image width, and makes a modification only if the image width is 200. If it’s something different at all, nothing will happen. If it is 200, then the filter will set the max-width on the image to 110px.

If your supply images, and only those images, will always meet this criteria, this may be a helpful solution for you. If you use this code, please back up your files before adding it to your site, and practice safe coding.