What patch? You should only get upgrade notices, unless you’re using the beta tester plugin.
On the Dashboard across the top (where it usually indicates an available update to WordPress itself) was a message about a patch for Multisite, with an option to apply it. It definitely said “patch” and not “update”.
I wasn’t using the beta tester plugin.
If you’re not using the beta tester plugin, then I have no idea.
Could it be something from your host, perhaps?
What plugins are you running?
The use of the word “patch” (not used normally) combined with the server error after applying it sure sounds like a crack to me.
If you’re running Windows XP or later, I’d seriously suggest that you run the System Restore utility to set things back the way they were before your networking changes.