Hello, @edwardsmark, & welcome.
Truthfully, trying to find “infected files” is more futile than looking for a needle in the proverbial haystack. There are several reasons for this. It’s important to realize that when a criminal breaks into your site, the first thing they want to do is establish a “backdoor” by which they can maintain control of your site. That often means things like hidden shells, Secondly, the problem may well extend beyond your WordPress installation to configuration files & even your database. You haven’t told us what sort of hosting you’re running, but, I gather from what you’re asking that it’s at least a virtual server on which you have root access. So it really depends on whether or not the underlying operating system is compromised as well as your site. It also depends on whether or not the database is involved, as well as whether your uploaded files are free of malicious code. If the backdoors aren’t eliminated, your site will continue to be compromise, you’ll clean it up, & it’ll just get reinfected all over again. Some favorite places include .htaccess, functions.php, & files of outdated software. However, as I stated, in your case, all operating system files should be suspect till proven otherwise.
The safest thing you can do is back up your database & user-generated content, ie, uploads, purchased 3rd-party software, configuration files you’ve modified, etc, reprovision the server, reinstall WordPress, & replace user-generated content & purchased 3rd-party software w/known good copies. You should also examine your database for suspicious content, ie, scripts, & especially be alert for words like:
* base64;
* eval;
* preg_replace;
* strrev.
These words are not proof positive that a compromise exists, nor is this by any means an exhaustive list, but it is a good starting point. Files containing these may also be suspect, but bear in mind that sometimes images use base-64 encoding, & some plugin authors use eval, though it’s not really considered to be best practice, from what I’m given to understand.
You may wish also to refer to your firewall logs to see if you notice any suspicious outbound traffic. Also, be aware that if you’re doing any advertising that is not under your specific control, ie, it’s generated via a 3rd party, then that may be where the problem is arising & not from your site per se.
I would suggest joining Google Search Console (www.google.com/webmastertools), & see if perhaps they’re flagging anything. Look both to the ‘Security Issues’ tab & to the ‘Search Traffic > Manual tab to see if they’re noting anything suspicious. That may provide insight into the url’s being used by the malware, if nothing else.
Good luck w/this. I know it’s frustrating. Hopefully something here has helped.