Hi Jakub,
As Divi is a premium theme, I can’t test this on my own. But as I’ve seen in their description of Blog Module, it is some kind of helper to display posts in your blogs with different visual styles.
Network Latest Posts won’t work with this module, as it doesn’t allow you to include custom shortcodes. To do that, you should use instead the Text Module which I understand is the one suitable for including custom elements such as shortcodes.
In a Text Module you may be able to use [nlposts] without any issues.
I hope this information helps,
José Luis.
