Payment processing failed. Please retry.

Stripe payments occasionally fail. It appears most customers try again and it goes through on the retry.
I just tried this myself with debug logs enabled (after the initial attempt with debug disabled failed). First try with debug on worked, with this in the log (shortened for brevity):
2021-01-25T22:05:11+00:00 DEBUG
====Stripe Version: 4.7.0====
====Start Log====
sources/src_1IDdBKDPk8eXewjpxpPVJNB3
====End Log====

2021-01-25T22:05:11+00:00 DEBUG
====Stripe Version: 4.7.0====
====Start Log====
customers request: Array
(
[email] => <myemail>
[description] => Name: <my name>, Guest
[name] => <my name>
[metadata] => Array
(
)

)

====End Log====

2021-01-25T22:05:12+00:00 DEBUG
====Stripe Version: 4.7.0====
====Start Log====
Info: Begin processing payment for order 1132 for the amount of 8.50
====End Log====

<bunch more stuff>
=============================================

The failed transaction (second order with debug enabled) shows like this (entire log content). I can’t do anything with this but I hope Woocommerce developers can.

2021-01-25T22:13:30+00:00 DEBUG
====Stripe Version: 4.7.0====
====Start Log====
customers request: Array
(
[email] => <my email>
[description] => Name: <my name>, Guest
[name] => <my name>
[metadata] => Array
(
)

)

====End Log====

2021-01-25T22:13:31+00:00 DEBUG
====Stripe Version: 4.7.0====
====Start Log====
Error: stdClass Object
(
[token_id] =>
[customer] => cus_IpHtQlg9pDY9Pq
[source] =>
[source_object] =>
)

====End Log====