Plugin conflict with SureCart

There is a conflict happening with the SureCart eCommerce plugin. This has just recently started happening. When a user is not signed into the website and attempt to make a purchase, the email field on the checkout page displays code instead of the “email” placeholder.

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Here is a screenshot: https://cln.sh/pGRRDb96

To test this I made a staging site with all plugins disabled except SureCart and CleanTalk. The displayed code goes away and the SureCart checkout form returns to default behavior when the CleanTalk plugin is disabled.

The page I need help with: [log in to see the link]