Replicating "Add link" popup functionality in TinyMCE

Hey there,

I want to replicate the functionality of the TinyMCE button to add or edit a link, where it opens a popup with more detailed content, but I can’t seem to find anything searching for this (or maybe I can’t think of the right searchterms).

The idea is to take a list of custom mysql entries, make it so the user can choose one or more entries in a popup like the one from the links and then post the IDs into a shortcode like [code id=3,7,34].

I don't know where to start, so it would be greatly appreciated if somebody could throw me in the right direction.

Thanks!