Staging Site Setup

Does anyone work with permanent staging sites?

I would like for my users to login to a staging site, use wordpress to make their edits and then have some sort of deploy script that an admin would run to copy the files and the database to a production server. The script would also need to run a search and replace through the database to update the URLs.

Ideally, the staging site would be password protected. And I would want a way to prevent my users from logging into production and making edits.

Where would I start in designing such a system? Are there plugins that anyone can recommend or posts to read? Thanks!