WordPress Development Workflow Best Practices

Hello!

I know maybe it is a silly/noob question, but please bear with me!

I would like to ask, usually what is the workflow when developing a WordPress site? How do you keep the project in sync between multiple developers, and also between a dev, staging and production environment?

Specifically, for example, in my limited understanding, when you are developing or modifying a theme, you can use Git for version control, you commit the file changes on dev and pull them elsewhere. But what is the process for example, when you are making custom plugins, where database changes are involved too? I mean, keeping track of file changes is not enough… Or for example, when you are working with custom post types, and you prepare the data on dev, and you want to “push” this stuff to staging for testing?

Also, what about when you are changing a plugin to a different one? Do you have “manually” install and set up the necessary stuff, step by step, everywhere?

Thank you very much for your answers!