Nevermind, I found the problem. A jetpack setting under “writing” was turned off.
It is the theme. The galleries display correctly in 2020 but not in Arcane Pro and I did check for updates.
I can fix the problem by going into edit for each post and clicking update but that would be very time consuming. I tried bulk editing on the post list page but that doesn’t work. Is there another way to bulk edit?
I thought Gutenberg was the new editor on WordPress as opposed to the Classic Editor. I don’t have a Gutenberg plugin that I know of, I just use the standard gallery in the wordpress editor. I checked that there were no new updates for my theme and plugins.