I had the same issue but found a way how to get it done:
$the_cat = get_the_category();
foreach($the_cat as $category) {
$category = $category->cat_ID;
$category = array($category,'');
foreach($category as $cat){
if(cat_is_ancestor_of($parentid,$cat)) {
// your code goes in here
}
}
}
Just replace $parentid with the ID you want to be the parent.