I have similar problems with XMLRPC and wp.editPost. I am uploading an image and changing some attributes (title, caption, …) with wp.editPost.
File wp-includes/class-wp-xmlrpc-server.php calls to function _insert_post() to commit changes to the post representing the image. This function has a switch/case for the post_status parameter. This switch doesn’t have into account the ‘inherit’ status, and it writes draft as a default status for the post. As a consequence of this the image is not shown in the media library.
Does Media Library show only ‘inherit’ elements? Why?
Is a bug for XMLRPC server to avoid ‘inherit’ status when editing posts?