Hello Dani,
Thank you for your quick reply! I was actually going to update this soon anyway to say it seems to have been resolved. Whenever I sent test emails or looked at things in the editor before, images weren’t showing up. But I created a new post to test what would happen and the image went through just fine. The previous post was over a year old (which is what MailPoet was using to give a preview), so perhaps that was why the featured image wasn’t working like it did on the new post. I’m not sure, but at any rate it seems to be resolved for now so I am happy about that. Thank you for your help!