Oh, I should have said I’m running WP 2.2.
I’m having the exact same problem, and it’s only with post.php. When I try to publish a post or a page, it sits there for about 15 seconds then goes Error 500. I’ve checked all the permissions and my host hasn’t changed anything AFAIK. These Premature End of Script Header errors are a pain to debug because the error logs don’t give you much to work with, so any assistance would be extremely helpful.