Problem solved. If I adjust the publish date to current time and then schedule the update, it works fine.
Yes, I am using WPBakery Page Builder. I will try to deactivate this plugin.
It is also not a problem for me that the current date is not displayed, but it will not be published on the desired date. While at settings the correct time zone is selected. I also use your plugin for another website and I don’t have this problem there.