I figured it out,
the problem was that the scripts themselves hat dots within their name (e.g. jquery-1.3.2.min.js), once I renamed them with a dot only in front of the file-ending everything worked just fine.
I’m working on a somewhat similar problem, but didn’t come up with a solution yet.
I thought about modifying the wordpress core-files and extending the native function that assigns the “current-cat”-class to the active category on archive pages as well to the post, but it obviously isn’t within the category-template.php and I have no clue where else to look.
I found the solution.
I called the template home.php. Obviously wordpress automatically applies home.php to the blog page. I don’t know if this can be considered a bug.
Once the file was renamed there was no more problem