I just had some similar problem and solved it, so in case this could help I post here the way I did it.
Open .po file with Poedit, check that your translations are correct.
In Poedit, in File>Preferences>Editor>Behaviour (this is translated from french, so not sure if this is correct denomination), make sure that ‘Compile automatically…’ is checked.
Save .po file, an .mo file is created.
Upload .mo file that has been created this way, in wp-content/themes/[name of theme]/languages
Hope it helps
Cheers
Thread Starter
thesos
(@thesos)
Problem solved.
Due to prior problems, fr_FR.mo file was modified by mistake, so I opened correct .po file and compile it with Poedit, uploaded new .mo file and translations were back
Thread Starter
thesos
(@thesos)
FYI both WP and browser caches have been emptied, but problem is still here.
Any help would be greatly appreciated.